Which test is most likely to help you distinguish cervical pathology from other causes of shoulder and arm pain?

The right answer is C. When we perform the shoulder abduction test the patient places their hand on their head. This reduces the tension on the nerve roots and if the pain subsides this suggests a cervical pathology. But if there is no change in the symptoms other causes become more likely. A positive Hawkins-Kennedy test should lead us to suspect shoulder impingement syndrome and we can use the anterior drawer test to assess for instability.